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History of Inertial Navigation Inertial navigation has had a relatively short but intense history of development, much of it during the half-century of the Cold War, with contributions from thousands of engineers and scientists. | Global Positioning Systems Inertial Navigation and Integration Mohinder S. Grewal Lawrence R. Weill Angus P. Andrews Copyright 2001 John Wiley Sons Inc. Print ISBN 0-471-35032-X Electronic ISBN 0-471-20071-9 6 Inertial Navigation BACKGROUND A more basic introduction to the fundamental concepts of inertial navigation can be found in Chapter 2 Section . Readers who are not already familiar with inertial navigation should review that section before starting this chapter. History of Inertial Navigation Inertial navigation has had a relatively short but intense history of development much of it during the half-century of the Cold War with contributions from thousands of engineers and scientists. The following is only an outline of developments in the United States. More details can be found for example in 22 43 75 83 88 107 135 Gyroscopes The word gyroscope was first used by Jean Bernard Leon Foucault 1819-1868 who coined the term from the Greek words for turn yvpoq and view ukotc . Foucault used one to demonstrate the rotation of the earth in 1852. Elmer Sperry 1860-1930 was one of the early pioneers in the development of gyroscope technology. Gyroscopes were applied to dead reckoning navigation for iron ships which could not rely on a magnetic compass around 1911 to automatic steering of ships in the 1920s for steering torpedos in the 1920s and for heading and artificial horizon displays for aircraft in the 1920s and 1930s. Rockets designed by Robert H. Goddard in the 1930s also used gyroscopes for steering as 131 132 INERTIAL NAVIGATION did the autopilots for the German V-l cruise missiles and V-2 ballistic missiles of World War II. Relation to Guidance and Control Navigation is concerned with determining where you are relative to where you want to be guidance with getting yourself to your destination and control with staying on track. There has been quite a bit of synergism among these disciplines especially in the development of missile

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