The Internet has undergone a spectacular change over the last 10 years in terms of its size and composition. At the heart of this transformation has been the evolution of increasingly better wireless networking technologies, which in turn has fostered growth in the number of mobile Internet users (and vice versa). Industry market studies forecast an installed base of about 100 million portable computers by the year 2004, in addition to around 30 million hand-held devices and a further 100 million “smart phones.”. | Handbook of Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing Edited by Ivan Stojmenovic Copyright 2002 John Wiley Sons Inc. ISBNs 0-471-41902-8 Paper 0-471-22456-1 Electronic CHAPTER 13 Transport over Wireless Networks HUNG-YUN HSIEH andRAGHUPATHY SIVAKUMAR School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute INTRODUCTION Thelnteniethasundei oneaspectacular nhnigeover the last 10 years in terms of its sizeand heart T tlais trHnstonnuboulias been the evolution of increasingly better wireless networking technologies which in turn has fostered growth in the number of mobile Internet users and vice versa . Industry market studies forecast an installed base of about 100 million portable computers by the year 2004 in addition to around 30 million hand-held devices and a further 100 million smart phones. With such increasing numbers of mobile and wireless devices acting as primary citizens of thelntemet researchershave been studying the impact of the wireless networking technologies on the different layers of the network protocol stack including the physical datn-lmn voin . 13. 5 15 18 4 17 16 Any nechstody inniade nontrivial lythechversity otwiae-esa nc-wotking cxOnolii-5tn-in 8ennpo8tPeir-hanacteri-1ici. nymficallywureiec-net-vonks tt-ctl to K nyil-a -oilledbashnloptheirœverame arcs- ps nicncoll ne-weike htnh kandwidthsofcp to2P Mb-s chort lanoucion tow nuron ratni. and am ail ranges o8 up to a fen n t tcmn micro-inll netwnnko hiy-i bætdwidtVsofuatg IOMbpc shol tlateiis iea iow varorrateniand cmalirannes nd aetn c On Oacdcn ta-at mvcroceiint twyrks low bomlwidthn of -round 5b ix p n. rnintively tnth and 1X1-11 og la-oktipo higO ercoc rates o5 on i0 pnckei arrvroanv andlarge ooveragn aiopk ofuyto ofewmites pud global ceil networks varying and asymmetric bandwidths large latencies high error rates and large coveragearta1otlmlKlrnPn ol nlilest. enepoobremitcomyoondcdwyennotwot
