Constituent Structure - Part 26 .Cuốn sách này khám phá những khía cạnh thực nghiệm và lý thuyết của cơ cấu thành phần trong cú pháp ngôn ngữ tự nhiên. Nó mô tả các bài kiểm tra truyền thống cho bầu cử và các phương tiện chính thức đại diện cho họ trong cấu trúc ngữ pháp cụm từ, cụm từ ngữ pháp cơ cấu mở rộng, lý thuyết, và thiết lập cấu trúc lý thuyết cụm từ. | 230 CONTROVERSIES 12 Gweld y ci y mae r dyn. see the dog WH be-the man It is seeing the dog that the man is. Sproat 1985 178 McCloskey also notes that the participle and object can be the focus of the ach only particle an honor reserved only for constituents in Irish McCloskey 1983 13 NÍ raibh me ach ag deanamh grinn. NEG I only PROG make fun I was only making fun. McCloskey 1983 20 There thus seem to be numerous examples of VP-like constituents in VSO languages lending some support to the idea that VSO order is derived from some structure that has a VP constituent. There are however some problems with such an analysis. It is not at all clear that these structures are headed by verbs. In the traditional grammar of Irish all of the constructions discussed above involve a verbal noun see Willis 1988 Borsley 1993 1997 Duffield 1996 Guilfoyle 1997 Borsley and Kornfilt 2000 Carnie 2006b for a discussion of these mixed categories in Celtic . Within the LFG framework I argue in Carnie 2006a that if these structures are analyzed as NPs then some otherwise baffling properties of Irish copular constructions follow naturally. I claim there that Irish has a full NP structure but a flat clausal structure. Irish is not only verb initial but more generally predicate initial 14 Is9 dliodoir e Liam DECL lawyer agr Liam Will is a lawyer. What is surprising is that when the predicate is a noun it may be complex10 11 15a b . This is in contrast to verbal structures where the object may not be adjacent to the tensed verbii 15c . 9 I assume here following 5 Se 1990 Doherty 1992 and Carnie 1995 1997 that Is here is not a true verb but a complementizer indicating declarative mood. See the abovementioned work for evidence in that regard. 10 See Carnie 1995 2000 Doherty 1996 1997 Legate 1997 Lee 2000 Massam 2000 Travis and Rackowski 2000 and Adger and Ramchand 2003 for alternative analyses of these kinds of construction. 11 Kroeger 1993 presents remarkably similar data from Tagalog
