OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR-32 sau đây là giáo trình lý thuyết tiếng anh và bài tập áp dụng từ cơ bản đến nâng cao , nhằm giúp các bạn có thể tự mình ôn tập và củng cố thêm về nền tảng kiến thức môn Anh văn , tự tin đạt kết quả tốt trong kỳ thi ngoại ngữ | OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR 32 SHORT FORMS . IT S DON T I ll help you oc A for It. A The use of short forms A short form like it s or don t stands for the full form it is or do not. We leave out one or more letters and we write an apostrophe instead. We use short forms in conversational English and in informal writing such as a letter to a friend. Short forms are sometimes called contracted forms . We cannot use a short form when the word is stressed in a short answer for example. Have you looked in this drawer Yes I have NOT Yes I ve But we can use n t in a short answer No I haven t. B The most common short forms Some verbs can have short forms when they come after I you etc. VERB SHORT FORMS am I m are you re we re they re is has he s she s it s have I ve you ve we ve they ve had would I d you d he d she d it d we d they d will I ll you ll he ll she ll it ll we ll they ll shall I ll we ll A short form can also come after a noun. Vicky s lost her bank card. Vicky has . The card ll be in here. The card will. There are also some short forms with question words and with here there or that. who s what s where s when s how s who d who ll what ll here s there s that s there ll that ll there d that d There is a negative short form n t which can come after some verbs. aren t isn t wasn t weren t haven t hasn t hadn t don t daunt doesn t didn t won t - will not shan t shall not can t couldn t mustn t needn t mightn t shouldn t wouldn t daren t Sometimes we can shorten either not or the verb. It is not funny. - It isn t funny. OR It s not funny. You will not believe it. - You won t believe it. OR You ll not believe it. But we cannot use n t after I. I am not sure. - I m not sure NOT I amn t sure. C s and d s can be is or has and d can be had or would. She s short and she s got fair hair. She is short. she has got. If I d known I d have told you. If I had known 1 would have . 32 EXERCISES 1 Short forms B Write the sentences in a more informal style with short forms. In a .
