OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR-142 sau đây là giáo trình lý thuyết tiếng anh và bài tập áp dụng từ cơ bản đến nâng cao , nhằm giúp các bạn có thể tự mình ôn tập và củng cố thêm về nền tảng kiến thức môn Anh văn , tự tin đạt kết quả tốt trong kỳ thi ngoại ngữ | OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR 142 RELATIVE CLAUSES PARTICIPLE AND TO- INFINITIVE A Relative clauses with a participle Read this news report about an accident. Several people were injured this morning when a lorry carrying concrete pipes overturned in the centre of town and hit two cars. Ambulances called to the scene took a long time to get through the rush hour traffic. The accident happened in Alfred Road where road repairs are under way. People who saw the accident say that the lorry hit the cars after it swerved to avoid a pile of stones left in the road. The traffic chaos caused by the accident has meant long delays for people travelling to work. Carrying concrete pipes called to the scene etc are relative clauses they relate to a noun. Carrying concrete pipes tells us something about a lorry. We can form these clauses with an active participle . carrying or a passive participle . called. The participles can refer to the present or the past. B ACTIVE PASSIVE There are delays this morning for people travelling to work. people who are travelling to work A lorry carrying concrete pipes has overturned. a lorry which was carrying pipes the path leading to the church the path which leads led to the church The active participle means the same as a pronoun a continuous verb . which is was carrying or a pronoun a simple verb . which leads led. But we do NOT use the active participle for a single action in the past. The police want to interview people who saw the accident. NOT people-seeing-the-accident Relative clauses with a to-infinitive Look at this structure with the to-infinitive. New Zealand was the first country to give women the vote. the first country which gave women the vote Melanie was the only person to write a letter of thanks. the only person who wrote a letter of thanks Here are some more examples. The guest on our show is the youngest golfer to win the Open. Emma Thompson is the most famous actress to appear on stage here. We can use a .
