In this section, the possibilities of monitoring the physical properties of machined parts are discussed. Cutting processes with geometrically defined cutting edges such as hard turning have to be distinguished from abrasive processes such as grinding. In both cases workpiece material is removed in the form of chips due to the mechanical effect of the tool on the workpiece | Further Reading 1 Dagnall H. Exploring Surface Texture Leicester Rank Taylor Hobson 1986. 2 Hommelwerke GmbH Rauheitsmessung Theorie und Praxis Schwenningen Schnurr Druck 1993. 3 Sander M. Oberflächenmesstechnik für den Praktiker Göttingen Feinprüf Perthen 1993. 4 Thomas T R. Rough Surfaces London Imperial College Press 1999. 5 Bodschwinna H. Hillmann W. Oberflächenmesstechnik mit Tastschnittgeräten in der Industriellen Praxis Cologne Beuth 1992. 6 Dresel T. Häusler G. Venzke H. Appl. Opt. 31 1992 919-925. Sensors in Manufacturing. Edited by . Tonshoff I. Inasaki Copyright 2001 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH I 123 ISBNs 3-527-29558-5 Hardcover 3-527-60002-7 Electronic I 7 Koch . Ruprecht . Toedter O. Häusler G. Optische Messtechnik an Technischen Oberflächen Renningen-Malmsheim Expert-Verlag 1998. 8 Pfeifer T Optoelektronische Verfahren zur Messung Geometrischer Grössen in der Fertigung Ehningen bei Böblingen Expert-Verlag 1993. 9 WlESENDANGER R. GÜNTHERODT . Scanning Tunneling Microscope Vols. I-III. Heidelberg Springer 1992. 10 Fries Th. Rastersondenmikroskopie Nobelpreistechnologie für die Anwendung 10 Feinwerktechnik - Mikrotechnik - Messtechnik F M 101 10 1993. 11 A Practical Guide to Scanning Probe Microscopy Sunnyvale ThermoMicroscopes 1997. Sensors for Physical Properties B. Karpuschewski Keio University Yokohama Japan Introduction In this section the possibilities of monitoring the physical properties of machined parts are discussed. Cutting processes with geometrically defined cutting edges such as hard turning have to be distinguished from abrasive processes such as grinding. In both cases workpiece material is removed in the form of chips due to the mechanical effect of the tool on the workpiece. Not only the geometry but also the number of cutting edges and their position relative to the workpiece are well known for cutting operations whereas the situation for grinding processes is more complex. Here cutting edges are generated by .