Learn how to take notes. You are permitted to take notes during the reading section of the TOEFL"9. Note-taking is not writing down every word of the reading. A good idea is to note the main idea and then note the information that supports it. | fcs lEi Psychology Read the following passage. Then fill in the diagram with the information that you read. Track G3 Conflicts whether minor or significant are present in many parts of people s lives. While the necessity of conflict is common to all the manners In which individuals solve their conflicts vary widely. Many psychologists study what they have termed personal conflict styles. While each style varies in many ways three of them are generally considered negative conflict styles. Called direct aggression passive aggression and nonassertive behavior these styles are distinctly different and rarely solve a given conflict successfully. Direct aggression can be understood as one of the most harmful conflict styles for both parties involved. Direct aggression is considered a highly combative style in which an individual verbally attacks the other person involved. This may include verbal criticism of a person s character or appearance teasing threats and the use of intimidating body language. This behavior can have various impacts both upon the aggressor and the other party. Perhaps most obvious are the effects upon the target of the aggression. Victims can feel sadness humiliation embarrassment or even be driven to aggression themselves. In a volatile . situation parties may be driven to physical violence especially if both individuals use a style of direct aggression. Thus the original aggressor may be in danger of physical harm due to the use of an aggressive conflict style. Rather than solving the conflict aggression generally volatile tending to become violent hostility unfriendly or aggressive . behavior roundabout indirect pretense a false show of behavior amiable friendly escalate to increase the intensity oblige to accommodate to do a favor for someone recurring frequent LISTENING SPEAKING WRITING PRACTICE TEST exacerbates a problem or introduces new conflicts. To exemplify direct aggression imagine an older brother who teases or embarrasses a little .
