Tham khảo tài liệu 'mastering skills for the toefl ibt advanced part 104', ngoại ngữ, toefl - ielts - toeic phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Tistéhirijj Note Highlighting indicates a repeated listening sample. Preview Test . 01 Psychology M How many of you know what pseudopsychology is OK well to put it simply pseudo means false or uh not genuine. So pseudopsychology Is basically a system of beliefs that sort of resembles psychology. However It is completely unfounded like astrology or palmistry . you know looking at a person s palm and suggesting that the lines there have some sort of meaning. Things like reading your horoscope or getting your palm read those are examples of pseudopsychologies. Anyway when we talk about pseudopsychology you probably wonder why so many people believe it. Are they just gullible Actually scientists think that one of the reasons people believe in pseudopsychology is due to the Barnum Effect. What s the Barnum Effect Well it describes the tendency to believe personality profiles or horoscopes when they are worded ambiguously. Pseudopsychology got Its name from Phineas Taylor Barnum. If the name sounds familiar you probably recognize him as the famous circus master who believed that a grand circus is one that has a little something for everybody. In the same way a typical reading will have something about one s love life at least one declaration of future financial prospects and always something about personality. Here s the thing . In pseudopsychology providing something for everyone means telling people what they want to hear. For example a typical description contains two extremes of one s personality such as Sometimes you are extroverted and sociable while at other times you are introverted and aloof. Do you all see what I m getting at here The person can identify with at least one part of the reading because it is ambiguously worded and represents two extremes. A description like this makes it easy for the person to confirm that it s true So what proof do we have that the Barnum Effect even exists Well in 1949 a man named . Forer began to. investigate the existence .
