Tham khảo tài liệu 'mastering skills for the toefl ibt advanced part 111', ngoại ngữ, toefl - ielts - toeic phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Chapter 6 sjduasueji 01 Business W OK everyone when you think of a traditional large company what comes to mind A big office perhaps Lots of workers. What about managers Weil some companies have lots of managers. Jots and lots of managers. And when a company has many levels of management that company is said to be a tall organization. And can anyone guess what the opposite of a tali management structure is M I d guess a short management structure W Good guess but no it s a flat structure but more on that later OK Back to the issue at hand which is tall management structures. So. you might have the company president-that s one level And then you might have a vice-president. That s another level. And then you might have oh I don t know general managers. And below them managers. And below them assistant managers. And then management trainees. And then who knows. you might have sub-assistant-manager trainees in training OK I m making a joke here but f yeah some companies have huge management structures called um we call them management hierarchies. There s a good reason for hierarchies of course. And that is that when a company grows when it gets really huge well you need to control the organization so you need managers telling people What to do. But here s the problem problems arise Um significant problems arise when you have vast management hierarchies the first of which is poor communication in particular the problem of what s known as distortion of commands. What do you suppose that is John M Um . same thing that happens here in class I d guess. I mean you give us information in every class. But um as you probably figured out we don t always remember that information correctly on a test right I mean we get things wrong even though you told us the answers here in class. W Good illustration and yes I certainly have figured that one out John So yeah basically what John s getting at is that people can interpret things differently than they re supposed to. Meaning can .
