The bird soaring upward and forward on the cover of this new edition is a swallow. Found throughout the world, swallows are joyful, playful, energetic birds whose comings and goings announce changes in the seasons. | EXERCISE 5. Expressing the future in time clauses. Chart 4-3 Directions Complete the sentences with your own words. 1. When I . . . later this afternoon I . . . . When I go downtown later this afternoon I m going to go to the bank and the post office. 2. After I . . . tomorrow morning I . . . . 3. Tomorrow I . . . before I . . . . 4. I . . . when . . . next year. 5. As soon as class . . . I m going to . 6. I m not going to . . . until my friend . 7. When I . . . tomorrow I . . . . 8. While I m visiting . . . next week I . . . . 4-4 USING THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AND THE SIMPLE PRESENT TO EXPRESS FUTURE TIME PRESENT PROGRESSIVE a My wife has an appointment with a doctor. She is seeing Dr. North next Tuesday. b Sam has already made his plans. He is leaving at noon tomorrow. c A What are you going to do this afternoon B After lunch I am meeting a friend of mine. We are going shopping. Would you like to come along The present progressive may be used to express future time when the idea of the sentence concerns a planned event or definite intention. compare A verb such as rain is not used in the present progressive to indicate future time because rain is not a planned event. A future meaning for the present progressive tense is indicated either by future time words in the sentence or by the context. SIMPLE PRESENT d The museum opens at ten tomorrow morning. e Classes begin next week. f John s plane arrives at 6 05 . next Monday. The simple present can also be used to express future time in a sentence concerning events that are on a definite schedule or timetable. These sentences usually contain future time words. Only a few verbs are used in this way . open close begin end start finish arrive leave come return. EXERCISE 6. Using the present progressive and the simple present to express future time. Chart 4-4 Directions Indicate the meaning expressed by the italicized verbs by writing in the future now or habitually in the blanks. 1. I am taking four courses next .
