Tham khảo tài liệu 'understanding and using english grammar part 37', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | CHAPTER 12 Noun Clauses CONTENTS 12-1 Introduction 12-5 Noun clauses beginning with that 12-2 Noun clauses beginning with 12-6 Quoted speech a question word 12-7 Reported speech verb forms in 12-3 Noun clauses beginning with noun clauses whether or if 12-8 Using the subjunctive in noun clauses 12-4 Question words followed by infinitives 12-9 Using -ever words 12-1 INTRODUCTION independent clause 1 . 1 a Sue lives in Tokyo. independent clause 1 1 b Where does Sue live A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb. An independent clause or main clause is a complete sentence. It contains the main subject and verb of a sentence. Examples a and b are complete sentences a is a statement and b is a question. dependent clause c where Sue lives A dependent clause or subordinate clause is not a complete sentence. It must be connected to an independent clause. Example c is a dependent clause. indep. cl. dependent cl. d I know where Sue lives. Example d is a complete sentence. It has an independent clause with the main subject I and verb know of the sentence. Where Sue lives is a dependent clause connected to an independent clause. Where Sue lives is called a noun clause. noun phrase e His story was interesting. noun clause 1 1 f What he said was interesting. A noun phrase is used as a subject or an object. A noun clause is used as a subject or an object. In other words a noun clause is used in the same ways as a noun phrase. In e His story is a noun phrase. It is used as the subject of the sentence. In f What he said is a noun clause. It is used as the subject of the sentence. The noun clause has its own subject he and verb said . noun phrase g I heard his story. noun clause i 1 h I heard what he said. In g his story is a noun phrase. It is used as the object of the verb heard. In h what he said is a noun clause. It is used as the object of the verb heard. noun phrase i I listened to his story. noun clause j I listened to what he said. In i his story is a noun