Tham khảo tài liệu 'understanding and using english grammar part 49', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 14-11 IT INFINITIVE GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES AS SUBJECTS a It is difficult to learn a second language. Often an infinitive phrase is used with it as the subject of a sentence. The word it refers to and has the same meaning as the infinitive phrase at the end of the sentence. In a It to learn a second language. b Learning a second language is difficult. A gerund phrase is frequently used as the subject of a sentence as in b . c To learn a second language is difficult. An infinitive can also be used as the subject of a sentence as in c but far more commonly an infinitive phrase is used with it as in a . d It is easy for young children to learn a second language. Learning a second language is easy for young children. To learn a second language is easy for young children. The phrase for someone may be used to specify exactly who the speaker is talking about as in d . EXERCISE 24. IT infinitive. Chart 14-11 Directions Create sentences beginning with it. Use a form of the given expression in your sentence followed by an infinitive phrase. 1. be dangerous - It s dangerous to ride a motorcycle without wearing a helmet. 2. be important 3. not be easy 4. be foolish 5. must be interesting 6. be always a pleasure 7. be clever of you 8. not cost much money 9. be necessary 10. take time EXERCISE 25. IT infinitive. Chart 14-11 Directions Add for someone and any other words to give a more specific and accurate meaning to the sentences. 1. It isn t possible to be on time. - It isn t possible for me to be on time for class if the bus drivers are on strike and 1 have to walk to class in a rainstorm. 2. It s easy to speak Spanish. 3. It s important to learn English. 4. It is essential to get a visa. 5. It s important to take advanced math courses. 6. It s difficult to communicate. 7. It was impossible to come to class. 8. It is a good idea to study gerunds and infinitives. Gerunds and Infinitives Part 1 323 EXERCISE 26. Gerunds as subjects. Chart 14-11 Directions Complete the .