Suggestions for further reading, consisting of ESL/EFL texts, grammar reference guides, and published linguistic research that provide further information regarding the analysis and teaching of the points covered. | 100 The Grammar Book 4. Our final rule simply spells out the fact that NP gets expanded exactly the way NP has been previously expanded 6. np- f det 3 AP N -pl PrepP pro These rules allow us to account for sentences like the three sentences above with object predicates. Below we diagram the first such sentence as an example We elected Sam treasurer. There is one condition on the third option in rule 4 it applies only to prototypical NP objects . direct objects . Indirect objects for example do not take this type of object noun predication. Syntactic Roles of NPs in PRED Predicate This is a good time to review the two syntactic roles that noun phrases can have under the predicate PRED node. This is in contrast to the noun phrases directly generated under the subject node SUBJ which function only as subjects. Under the predicate node PRED NPs can function as objects or predicates. They function as three types of objects direct objects Jim read a book. indirect objects Sara gave me some flowers. objects of prepositions Sam lives in a big house. Noun phrases function as predicates of subjects when they occur after a copular verb. They function as predicates of objects when an object noun phrase is expanded . the third possibility in rule 4 above to include an object noun predicate subject noun predicate Jan is a teacher. object noun predicate s elected Sam treasurer. Chapter 6 More Phrase Structure Rules 101 Syntactic Roles of Prepositional Phrases Perhaps the most ubiquitous constituent that we have introduced in our phrase structure rules is the prepositional phrase PrepP . Prepositional phrases can be generated as parts of noun phrases verb phrases adjective phrases adverbials or object noun predicates PrepP in NP a man of honor an ounce of vodka PrepP in VP be in the house give the book to Mavis PrepP in AP fond of cats PrepP in advk do laundry on Saturday PrepP in object noun predicate put the flowers on the table The three structures with prepositional .
