It is important, therefore, to define grammar in a way that suits both purposes—that is, a way that accounts or both the structure of the target language and its communicative use. In order to do so, we will need to take into consideration how grammar operates at three levels: the sub sentential or morphological level, the sentential or syntactic level, and the suprasential or discourse level. | 220 The Grammar Book substitute a question-mark card for the period card and then move the first auxiliary verb or verb card to sentence-initial position. 1 letter in order to introduce students to the formation of yes no questions without an auxiliary verb or be you will need to place a DO card at the front of a sentence after substituting a question mark card for the period card. For example @ f I JOHN I I ATE I I THE I APPLE Next you can explain to students that the do verb carries the tense for the question. This can be demonstrated by replacing the DO card with DID and the ATE card with EAT after substituting the for the 7 . Thus Cards could also be used to show that the do carries the tense and person markings with the simple present tense. T Put these on the flannelboard. 5 Substitute 7 at the end of the sentence and introduce DO to the front. JOHN EAT S APPLES 5 Show that the S of eats gets moved to the initial DO by moving the S from its position after EATS to a position following DO . Immediately replace DO S with a new card DOES explaining that rewriting do plus third person singular present as doesis a convention in English. After several examples have been done it is good to have student volunteers come up and practice forming questions by moving and substituting the cards. To give students additional practice prepare or have students prepare pieces of paper with the words question marks and morphemes for each student or pairs of students to manipulate at his or her desk. 3. Form. It is often easier to make up activities in which students answer yes no questions than activities in which students practice asking the questions. Guessing games can give students good practice in both asking and responding to questions. Chapter 11 Yes No Questions 221 a. For example the game Twenty Questions provides an engaging way to practice forming and answering yes no questions. The rules are simple. Someone thinks of an animal including human beings a vegetable any .
