Also to be singled out for their assistance are colleagues Ray Clark, Kathleen Graves, Elizabeth Tanncnbaum, and Elizabeth O'Oowd, and graduate students Gaby Solomon, Namhee Han, and especially Angela Burnett and Jo Hilder. Then, too, we need to acknowledge the following, who gave us specific feedback on portions of the first edition: | 334 The Grammar Book Note that although prescriptively speaking less is reserved for noncount nouns less is increasingly used for both count nouns and noncount nouns especially in informal discourse. This beer has fewer calories. This beer has less calories. We have more to say about the use of these quantifiers in Chapters 34 and 35. Quantifiers with Special Semantic Characteristics Other quantifiers arc excluded from our continua because of their special semantic nature any both each every either neither and enough. Any as you saw in earlier chapters is used in negatives and questions as a counterpart to the unstressed article some. Any can also be used in affirmative statements as a quantifier and when it is it refers to one or more no matter which. Jespersen 1933 181 Any of those answers will do. Any household detergent works. Bolinger 1960 notes that such sentences are related to conditionals that is if something is a household detergent it will work. The conditional sense of any extends to sentences such as Any of the pasta left at the end of the meal will be put in a casserole. A paraphrase of this example would be pasta if there is any. Both is a predeterminer having a dual number. As such it can be followed only by plural nouns signaling quantities of two. Two boys and a girl were accused of setting off a false alarm. Both of the boys felt ashamed of what they had done. Each refers to all members of a group but does so individually rather than collectively. It therefore modifies a singular noun and takes a singular verb. Each one of the special effects was created by a different computer programmer. Every is much like each in its meaning but is more collective. It too takes a singular verb. Unlike each however every must be followed by a noun or one . it can never function as a pronoun. Every one of the special effects was created by a different programmer. Each of the special effects was created by a different programmer. Every of the special effects .
