Tham khảo tài liệu 'kaplan toefl ibt fourth edition part 51', ngoại ngữ, toefl - ielts - toeic phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | M2 I TOEFL er Newtheless keep the writer s topic purpose attitude and key points in mind while you listen to the lecture. It x easier to listen to a speaker when you can anticipate some general ideas and you can recognize similarities and contrasts with a passage from another writer or speaker. Strategy M Listen actively. Although the reading contains clues he clues aren t definite or obvious. Therefore you must still think about what you are hearing. Like the reading passage the lecture also contains abstract theories and concrete illustrations and examples. You must not only understand the lecturer s explanation or argument but also identify similarities and differences with the writer s. Of course unlike the reading passage the lecture will not be printed on the screen. Since you will never see a transcript of the lecture you will only have your memory and notes of the lecture when you write your response. Therefore your ability to concentrate listen closely and take good notes is crucial. Strategy 15 Take notes in fragments symbols abbreviations and acronyms. You must take notes during the lecture but remember that you shouldn t try to make a transcript of the lecture. Moreover you must avoid writing out complete sentences and even complete words. As always your notes can remind you of what you hear but they shouldn t replace active listening and memory. Eor example look at the following transcript of a lecture about deficit spending Remember that you will only hear not read the lecture on the actual TOEFL test . Let s talc about the issue of deficit spendng As you may defenders of the federal government s stead-y increasing budget gaps are uh fond of claiming th-rt such Keynesian spendng is merely a tool to keep the national economy on an even coirse They ce m thatgreater government spending e an effective means of maintaining stabiity and energy in the economy AVI. in part they are correct when prirax demand is r .uffirirnt to keep the economy rannfogat .
