The second section of the book, Guide to Listening, offers tips and help with note taking as well as experience with answering all types of questions about the lectures. Another new feature of the test is the "authentic language" used by the speakers. On past forms of the test, the speakers sounded like actors reading from a book. On the TOEFL iBT, the speakers sound more natural, like real professors giving classroom lectures or real students discussing campus situations. | Lesson 4 Purpose Method and Opinion Questions 87 T F 5. The author mentions the three individuals in paragraph 1 as an example of a small group that eventually creates a civilization. T F 6. In paragraph 1 the author compares a hardship that a civilization faces to a grain of sand that causes an oyster to produce a pearl. T F 7. The author explains the challenge and response theory by comparing the civilization of China and another civilization. T F 8. The author mentions foreign invasions misrule economic problems and rebellions as examples of challenges. T F 9. The book The Decline of the West is given as an example of a book that influenced Arnold Toynbee. T F 10. The author says that Toynbee s reputation was popped like a soap bubble to indicate that Toynbee s reputation was completely destroyed by the article. T F 11. In the author s opinion Toynbee s idea is still as important to an understanding of history now as it was when it was first introduced. Passage 3 Isadora Duncan was a daring dynamic innovator in dance. While she was not very successful in teaching her highly personal style of dance she taught a whole generation of dancers to trust their own forms of expression. Inspired by the art of Greece she usually danced barefoot in a loose flowing Greek tunic. She found further inspiration in nature using dance movements to mirror the waves of the sea and passing clouds. 88 Section 1 Guide to Reading Isadora Duncan was born in San Francisco in 1877. She gave her first performance in 1899. Early failures gave way to triumphant performances in Budapest London and Berlin. She lived most of her life in Europe establishing dancing schools for children. She died in a freak accident in 1927 her long scarf being caught in the wheel of an open sports car in which she was riding. Glossary tunic a loose-fitting garment worn by both men and women _ T F 12. The author thinks Duncan was more
