For more than thirty years, the TOEFL test was given as a paper-and-pencil, mul¬tiple-choice test. In 1998, a computer-based version of the test became available in many parts of the world- The newest generation of the test, the TOEFL iBT (Internet-based test), was introduced during the 2005-2006 academic year. | 592 Section 4 Guide to Writing Now start the Audio Program. Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class. Q Notes on the lecture Task 3 Read the following passage 3 minutes . In the general Australian election of 1922 the percentage of Australian citizens who voted dropped to 59 . Australians became alarmed at this low voter turnout and by 1924 a law was passed that made it compulsory for all adult Australians to vote. Today about 94 of eligible voters in Australia vote even though the penalty for not voting is mild. Voting has simply become a habit for Australians. Voting has been mandatory in Belgium since 1892 and in Argentina since 1914. It is mandatory in Greece Luxembourg Thailand in fact in about 20 of all democratic nations. All countries that have compulsory voting laws enjoy high voter turnout. However in countries in which voting in non-compulsory such as the United States and the United Kingdom average voter turnout in national elections is what it was in Australia in 1922 about 60 . Lesson 21 Taking Notes and Planning the Integrated Response 593 Why should citizens of a country be required to vote American president Thomas Jefferson who was instrumental in writing the . Declaration of Independence said that government derives its authority from the consent of the governed. I believe that if you do not vote you are not giving your active consent to be governed. In other words if a nation s citizens don t vote their government loses its legitimacy. Voting to me is much like taxation. Both should be considered obligations not privileges. A nation as a whole relies on all its citizens fulfilling their obligations to pay taxes and cannot operate without tax revenue. Similarly a nation depends on the consent of the citizens and should be able to rely on its citizens to vote Notes on the reading passage Now start the Audio Program. Listen to part of a lecture in a political science class. Q Writing Notes on the lecture 594 Section 4 Guide to Writing .
