Tham khảo tài liệu 'the grammar of the english verb phrase part 40', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 266 5. The absolute use of the present perfect 2003 that I have been living here is odd because its default reading is I haven t been living here long in fact only since 2003 rather than I could have lived here before 2003 but have only lived here since 2003 . In sum in the sentences that are unacceptable in isolation the phrases that are supposed to function as the value of a specificational sentence are unsuitable values because they are not clearly contrastive. This renders the sentences unacceptable. However this problem does not arise if the sentences are used in a suitable context inviting a contrary to expectation reading which is a kind of contrastive interpretation irrespective of whether it is the value constituent that is contrastive or the variable constituent It isn t since I moved to Berlin it s since the fall of the Berlin Wall that I have been in contact with my cousins in the west. Since the fall of the Berlin Wall contrasts with since I moved to Berlin which is echoic someone has intimated that it is since I moved to Berlin that I have been in contact with my cousins in the west. You have been working in this town since 2003 No I ve been working in this town since 1998. It s since 2003 that I have been living here. Here the relevant contrast is to be found in the variable constituent. Two further things should be noted here a If the highlighted constituent of the cleft is a since-constituent the that-clause sometimes evokes a mixture of indefinite and continuative reading She was Ellen Leicester and Mr. Castonel ran away with her and she died. That was last spring and it s since then that Mr. Leicester has got so ill. www Let me recap the everyday story of teacher training folk just the edited highlights. I ll begin in the 1980s after the Robbins period. . It s since then that much has gone wrong since then that the confusion has set in. www Unfortunately the American company I was working for pulled all of their development out of the UK last .
