Tham khảo tài liệu 'the grammar of the english verb phrase part 108', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 742 14. Adverbial before-clauses and after-clauses II. Adverbial after-clauses The temporal structure of the conjunction after is represented by Figure . The temporal structure of after In the same way as before means before the time when the conjunction after is semantically equivalent to after the time that when at which . This is in keeping with the fact that the conjunction after has actually developed from a phrase corresponding to the modern English phrases after the time that or after then that . In the paraphrase after the time that when at which the word time refers to the Anchor time which is the initial point of the Adv-time. When a before-clause is used the Anchor time is the terminal point of the Adv-time. The Adv-time which is the period stretching from that initial point onwards contains the contained orientation time of the head clause . The latter is either the situation time of the head clause or another orientation time which binds the situation time of the head clause. In sum the temporal structure of after is as shown in Figure . Figure . Representation of the temporal structure of after. This structure is the mirror-image of the structure of before shown in Figure . Whereas a before-clause specifies an Adv-time leading up to an Anchor time which either is the situation time of the before-clause or binds the situation time of the before-clause an adverbial after-clause specifies an Adv-time starting from an Anchor time onwards. The Anchor time is thus the initial point of the Adv-time. In the structure of the tense of the after-clause the Anchor time is usually the situation time of the after-clause itself but it may also be an implicit time binding that situation time. For example John left after I arrived. The Adv-time is a pragmatically restricted period stretching from the Anchor time onwards. The Anchor time is the situation time of the afterclause i. e. the time of my arrival. The Adv-time contains the .
