Resizing The Organization 23. This book seeks to provide executives with useful insights, tools, guidelines, principles, and lessons learned about organizational transition and change. | Impact of Layoffs on Family Friendship and Community Networks 201 per week Greenberger Steinberg 1986 . Long work hours are often negatively associated with high school grades and subsequent enrollment in and completion of college degree programs. Furthermore the quality of part-time work has a strong moderating impact. In particular students who work at nonmenial jobs alongside responsible adults are likely to have more positive attitudes toward work in general and those attitudes are likely to carry over to school settings Barling et al. 1995 . In contrast when students work in menial service jobs in teenage ghettos their work habits and career aspirations are likely to suffer Greenberger steinberg 1986 . Impact of Job Loss on Friends of Employees Downsizing has an impact on friends of laid-off employees and the quality of laid-off employees relationships with their friends. In this discussion we will be primarily focusing on the nonwork friends of laid-off employees rather than coworkers or survivors in the workplace. Consequences of Layoffs for Friends Relative to the other networks being examined in this chapter the consequences of layoffs for friends from outside work have received the least attention. However extrapolating from previous research on survivors and other related studies there appear to be three potential negative consequences of layoffs for friendship networks see Table Changes in affect and mood in the relationship Decreased financial resources with which to pursue leisure activities Decreased contact and intimacy of friendships with laid-off employees Changes in Affect and Mood of Relationship The negative consequences of layoffs for employees themselves have been well documented laid-off workers are more likely to experience depression mood swings anger irritability and frustration Leana Feldman 1994 1995a 1995b . As a result of these 202 Resizing the Organization changes in affect and mood friendships with laid-off employees may become
