Practicing Organization Development (A guide for Consultants) - Part 36. Organization development (OD) is about planned change. As change has turned into the only constant, many managers and other people are pursuing change strategies with vigor. OD is a major strategy for leading and managing change at the individual, group, intergroup, organizational, interorganizational, and large systems levels. This book is about what it takes to be an effective change manager, change leader, and OD consultant | IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTINUING THE CHANGE EFFORT 321 TARGET GROUP Interventions designed to improve the effectiveness of INTERGROUP RELATIONS TYPES OF INTERVENTIONS Intergroup activities Process directed Task directed Organizational mirroring Partnering Process consultation Third-party peacemaking at the group level Grid OD phase 3 Survey feedback Interventions designed to improve the effectiveness of the TOTAL ORGANIZATION Sociotechnical systems STS Parallel learning structures MBO participation forms Cultural analysis Confrontation meetings Visioning Strategic planning strategic management activities Grid OD phases 4 5 6 Interdependency exercise Survey feedback Appreciative inquiry Future search conferences Quality of work life QWL programs Total quality management TQM Physical settings Large-scale systems change From . French . Bell Jr. 1995 . Organization Development Behavioral Science Interventions for Organizational Improvement. Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice-Hall p. 165. Reprinted with permission. RESEARCH REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION We will first consider some issues regarding research on organization change and development and second some of the major results of research in this arena. Research Issues The overriding issue regarding research in the arena of organization change and development is purpose that is whether the research effort is for evaluation Did it work or for knowledge generation What is truth . In other words is 322 PRACTICING ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT 2ND EDITION the research for the benefit of the client or the researcher If we rely on the traditional scientific method then we control and manipulate some independent variables make some interventions and see whether any difference occurred in relation to certain dependent variables. For instance we decide to use team building as an intervention and collect information dependent variables to see whether it made any difference. We might use a questionnaire to ask team members if they feel .
