Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer: Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. . Is there a multiply instruction? Organization is how features are implemented Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. . Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition? | William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 7th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction Architecture & Organization 1 Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. . Is there a multiply instruction? Organization is how features are implemented Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. . Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition? Architecture & Organization 2 All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture This gives code compatibility At least backwards Organization differs between different versions Differences in organization but not architecture leads to “families” Different cost and performance Run same code Families may span years of technological advancement Hierarchical Nature of Complex Systems Each level of system hierarchy consists of set of components and their interrelationships Operation of components Function Interrelation of components Structure Each successively higher layer describes simplified/more abstract view of lower levels Hierarchical Nature of Complex Systems (continued) Breaking system into components or modules forces designer to develop a detailed understanding of the data that is passed between them Working within the hierarchy, a designer needs to only concern him/herself with the details of his or her module at that specific level Working with a well-defined set of inputs, outputs, and function definition, designers can completely design their module without any knowledge of how rest of system is made Modular System Design Applying a modular methodology to system design results in: a more manageable project quicker design time by allowing multiple people with differing expertise to participate (although up-front investment of time feels like a drawback) a higher quality system a more maintainable system . | William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 7th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction Architecture & Organization 1 Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. . Is there a multiply instruction? Organization is how features are implemented Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. . Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition? Architecture & Organization 2 All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture This gives code compatibility At least backwards Organization differs between different versions Differences in organization but not architecture leads to “families” Different cost and performance Run same code Families may span years of technological advancement Hierarchical Nature of Complex Systems Each level of system hierarchy consists of set of components
