Tham khảo tài liệu 'toefl ibt internet based test 2006 - 2007 part 86', ngoại ngữ, toefl - ielts - toeic phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 704 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVITIES QUIZZES. AND MODEL TESTS Writing Integrated Essay Effective Discipline First read the passage on pages 404-405 and take notes. Model Test 5 Writing Section CD 8 Track 3 Narrator Now listen to a lecture on the same topic as the passage that you have just read. Professor So now let s talk about how discipline relates to self-esteem. In studies of children Coopersmith found that power and withholding of affection were associated with children who demonstrated low selfesteem but management techniques were associated with children who exhibited high self-esteem. So it seems that parents should use physical punishment and withholding of affection with caution right Well most psychologists oppose physical punishment for children under the age of 2. and some psychologists believe that discipline should be achieved without any physical punishment for children of all ages referencing the fact that discipline means to teach whereas punishment means to harm. Anyway. it s generally agreed that reinforcement of good behavior is more effective than waiting for bad behavior that requires punishment. But when discipline is necessary setting limits with negative consequences that are consistently enforced seems to promote healthy development of self-esteem in children especially when these management techniques are supplemented with approval attention and affection. I mean when parents try to catch their children in the act of doing something right and use that as a basis for positive reinforcement of their behavior. Example Answers and Checklists for Speaking and Writing Model Test 5 Example Answers CD 8 Track 4 Example Answer for Independent Speaking Question 1 A Tourist Attraction Although a case could be made for showing a tourist the beautiful mountain region or the historic capital city in my country I would probably take a tourist to my home because living with a family would give this visitor a perspective about my country that .
