Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment Part 7. Spinal disorders are among the most common medical conditions with significant impact on health related quality of life, use of health care resources and socio-economic costs. Spinal surgery is still one of the fastest growing areas in clinical medicine. | 32 Section History of Spinal Disorders Appendix Cont. Time 1858 1866- 1880 1891 1895 1898 1900 1908 1909 1911 1921 1928 1929 1933 1933 1934 1935 1944 1945 1956 1962 1963 1964 1972 1977 1979 1982 1984 Surgical procedures Non-surgical Diagnostic modalities and other special facts procedures Concise description of disc protrusion by Luschka Epidemic of the railway spine syndrome First internal fixation of a C6 C7 fracture by Hadra Roentgen discovered X-rays First lumbar anesthesia by Bier First posterior fusion of C1 C2 by Pilcher First report of a disc prolapse operation performed by Krause and Oppenheim Stabilization of tuberculous spine by internal skeletal fixation performed by Lange First lumbar spinal fusion performed by Albee First description of Scheuermann s disease by Scheuermann First description of the whiplash injury by Crowe Discovery of penicillin by Fleming The term facet syndrome coined by Ghormley First anterior interbody fusion performed by Burns Publication of the epoch-making article of Mixter and Barr about the pathophysiology of protruded disc and its clinical correlation Introduction of the measurement of Cobb by Lipmann First posterior interbody fusion performed by Briggs and Milligan Milwaukee brace invented by Blount Treatment of spinal tuberculosis with antibiotics suggested by Mukopadhaya Harrington instrumentation Introduction of pedicle screws by Roy-Camille Chemonucleolysis invented by Lyman Smith First CT image of the brain Introduction of external spinal fixation by Magerl First MR image of the brain First artificial disc invented by Buttner and Shellnack Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation History of Spinal Disorders Chapter 1 33 Key Articles Breasted JH 1930 Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus in Facsimile and Hieroglyphic Transliteration and with Translation and Commentary 2 Vols. Chicago University of Chicago Oriental Publications The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus edited by the American Egyptologist Henry Breasted encompasses different cases
