Historical Dictionary of Modern Chinese Literature 22 presents a broad perspective on the development and history of literature in modern China. This book offers a chronology, introduction, bibliography, and over 300 cross-referenced dictionary entries on authors, literary and historical developments, trends, genres, and concepts that played a central role in the evolution of modern Chinese literature. | 182 TAIWAN was defeated at the end of World War II and ordered to surrender the island to the Republic of China controlled by Chiang Kai-shek s Kuomintang KMT party. The military occupation created tensions between the newcomers and the Taiwanese culminating in the February 28 Incident of 1947 during which the KMT administration in Taipei brutally suppressed the Taiwanese demonstrators who were protesting against its enonomic policies ushering in the era of White Terror. In 1949 after the KMT lost the Civil War against the Communists Chiang Kai-shek and his government retreated to Taiwan and moved the capital from Nanjing to Taipei while continuing to claim sovereignty over the whole of China and planning to take back the mainland from the Communists in three years. Martial law was declared giving the KMT absolute power to rule the island. The international community continued to recognize Chiang s Republic of China ROC as the legitimate representative of China until 1971 when the ROC lost its seat in the United Nations to the People s Republic of China PRC . When Chiang died in 1975 his son Chiang Ching-kuo assumed the presidency. Under his leadership Taiwan experienced a great economic boom rising to become one of the so-called little Asian tigers and political liberalization that resulted in the lifting of martial law in 1987. The younger Chiang s handpicked vice president and successor Lee Teng-hui whose proindependence position later caused his expulsion from the KMT was the first democratically elected president of Taiwan. Under Lee Taiwan underwent greater democratization and localization. Laws and practices with a bias against the Taiwanese were changed and local culture history and language were promoted to cultivate a Taiwanese rather than a Chinese identity. In 2000 Chen Shui-bian of the Democratic Progressive Party DPP was elected president the first president outside the KMT. At present Taiwan remains extremely polarized with the pan-green coalition of
