Urban Health and Society: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Research and Practice - Part 12. This book provides the most current frameworks, research, and approaches for understanding how unique features of the urban physical and social environments that shape the health of over half of the world's population that is already residing in large cities. Its interdisciplinary research and practice focus is a welcome innovation. | Notes 91 133. Caughy M. O. O Campo P J. and Muntane C. When being alone might be better Neighborhood poverty social capital and child mental health. Social Science Medicine 57 2003 227-237. 134. Lochner K. A. Kawachi I. Brennan R. T. and Buka S. L. Social capital and neighborhood mortality rates in Chicago. Social Science Medicine 56 no. 8 2003 1791-1805. 135. Sampson R. J. Raudenbush S. W. and Earls F. Neighborhoods and violent crime A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science 277 no. 5328 1997 918-924. 136. Oliver L. N. Dunn J. R. Kohen D. E. and Hertzman C. Do neighborhoods influence the readiness to learn of kindergarten children in Vancouver A multilevel analysis of neighbourhood effects. Environment and Planning A 39 no. 4 2007 848-868. 137. Morales J. R. and Guerra N. G. Effects of multiple context and cumulative stress on urban children s adjustment in elementary school. Child Development 77 2006 907-923. 138. Louw J. Donald D. and Dawes A. Intervening in adversity Towards a theory of practice. In D. Donald A. Dawes and J. Louw eds. Addressing Childhood Adversity pp. 244-260. Cape Town South Africa David Philip 2000. 139. Dawes A. and Donald D. Improving children s chances Developmental theory and effective interventions in community contexts. In D. Donald A. Dawes and J. Louw eds. Addressing Childhood Adversity pp. 1-25. Cape Town South Africa David Philip 2000. CHAPTER 5 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND HEALTH DISPARITIES JULIANA MAANTAY ANDREW R. MAROKO CARLOS ALICEA A. H. STRELNICK LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe some of the benefits and challenges of integrating biomedical and geographic perspectives for the study of childhood asthma. Assess the role of differing exposure to urban environmental pollutants in creating or maintaining health disparities. Identify specific roles that community organizations medical centers and academic institutions can play in the study of urban health conditions such as childhood .
