Handbook of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety in Engineering Design - Part 75 studies the combination of various methods of designing for reliability, availability, maintainability and safety, as well as the latest techniques in probability and possibility modelling, mathematical algorithmic modelling, evolutionary algorithmic modelling, symbolic logic modelling, artificial intelligence modelling, and object-oriented computer modelling, in a logically structured approach to determining the integrity of engineering design. . | 724 5 Safety and Risk in Engineering Design Fig. Probabilistic PNN ANN architecture Schocken 1994 Fig. Ward back propagation ANN architecture Schocken 1994 Fig. General regression GRNN ANN architecture Schocken 1994 GRNN applications are able to produce continuous valued outputs and respond better than back propagation in many cases Fig. . Unsupervised neural network Kohonen self-organising map contains an input and an output layer. One neurode is present in the output layer for each category specified by the user. Kohonen networks are known to separate data into a specified number of categories Fig. . In Sect. an artificial intelligence-based blackboard model is used to hold shared information in a general and simple model that allows for the representation of a variety of modelled system behaviours. The AIB blackboard system is prescribed for problem-solving in knowledge-intensive domains that require large Fig. Kohonen selforganising map ANN architecture Schocken 1994 Application Modelling of Safety and Risk in Engineering Design 725 amounts of diverse and incomplete knowledge therefore necessitating multiple cooperation of various knowledge sources. One knowledge source a neural expert program Lefebvre et al. 2003 is embedded in the AIB blackboard for processing of time-varying information such as non-linear dynamic modelling time series prediction and adaptive control of various engineering design problems. Application Modelling of Safety and Risk in Engineering Design Returning to Sect. the five main objectives that need to be accomplished in pursuit of the goal of the research in this handbook are the development of appropriate theory on the integrity of engineering design for use in mathematical and computer models determination of the validity of the developed theory by evaluating several case studies of engineering designs that have been recently constructed that are in the process of being constructed or that
