Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 84. This book describes a revolution within a revolution, the opening up of the capacity of the now-familiar optical fiber to carry more messages, handle a wider variety of transmission types, and provide improved reliabilities and ease of use. In many places where fiber has been installed simply as a better form of copper, even the gigabit capacities that result have not proved adequate to keep up with the demand. The inborn human voracity for more and more bandwidth, plus the growing realization that there are other flexibilities to be had by imaginative use of the fiber, have led people. | 800 Index bidirectional protection switching continued illustrated 541 See also protection switching bidirectional systems 303-305 direction illustration 305 illustrated 304 wavelengths 304 bidirectional WDM systems 686-688 amplifiers for 688 asymmetric traffic and 687 designing 688 guard band 688 illustrated 686 implementation using 687 unidirectional comparison 686-688 birefringence 57 bit error rates BERs 258-263 264-265 276 evaluating 260 floor 268 269 for high-speed optical communication systems 250 impairments and 284 measurement 277 509 for OOK direct detection receiver 276 threshold setting and 260 of uncoded system 278 bit interleaved parity BIP code 268 bit interleaving 620-623 demultiplexing operation 622-623 function illustration 621 optical multiplexer 622 bit rate 29 aggregate 604 bandwidth ratio 30 distance product 53 54 four-wave mixing and 90-91 maximum 348 RZ NRZ transmission and 312 sensitivity as function of 261 transparency 420 bit stuffing 274 blazed reflection gratings 121 122 227 blazing 121 blocking model 465 467-474 blocking probability 467 computing for lightpath requests 470 conversion gain 472 473 Erlang-B formula and 468 estimating 467 full wavelength conversion and 471 472 reduction 468 blocking switches 202 border gateway protocol BGP 392 Bragg gratings 123-126 apodization 124 126 bandwidth 126 fiber 127 formation 123 index distribution 124 principle of operation 124-126 reflection spectra 125 uses 123 See also gratings Bragg wavelength 124 Brillouin gain coefficient 325 Bronze service class 567 BT Labs testbed 654 bubble-based waveguide switches 212 213 buffering 618 635-649 implemented with feedback delay lines 640 input 635 639 lack of good methods 636 output 637-639 recirculation 639-641 bulk mechanical switches 207-209 bulk micromachining 211 212 burst switching 649-650 cable network 595 capital cost 668 carriers capital cost 668 long-haul 688 metro 699 new generation of 668 operations cost 668 scalable networks and 669 SONET .
