C Caique – a big boat without a deck with a carrying capacity of 5–50 tons. When sailing against a current, C. uses a rope that is pulled from the shore. In the early 20th century, C. was widely used on the Amudarya. Cane (Phragmites australis) – before the Aral crisis (see), | C Caique - a big boat without a deck with a carrying capacity of 5-50 tons. When sailing against a current C. uses a rope that is pulled from the shore. In the early 20th century C. was widely used on the Amudarya. Cane Phragmites australis - before the Aral crisis see cane thickets covered the greater part of the Amudarya delta with a biomass reaching 40-60 quintals ha of dry weight. By the early 2000s the area of cane thickets shrank significantly from 600 thou ha to 30 thou ha and their size also somewhat degraded the cane biomass not exceeding 20-25 quintals ha and averaging 10-15 quintals ha. In areas with high water salinity biomass was only to 5 quintals ha. In the Circum-Aral area two types of cane were found aquatic and meadow. Meadow thickets were largely of economic significance because they were widely used for fodder stocking and summer grazing of cattle. One of the main conditions for development of the cane aquatic formations is the level of water salinity. Water salinity from 4 to 10 does not interfere with the development of cane but with salinity above 15-20 thicket degradation is observed followed by slow demise. Through-flow of a water body is one of the essential conditions for cane growing. In low through-flow water bodies with the water salinity no more than 8-10 g l cane thickets are usually replaced by cattail that does not have wide application. Cane thickets may grow at depths of m with water bodies of depths no more than m being optimal for cane growing. The main condition for development of the meadow cane thickets is high soil wetting and level of soil salinity. In the Circum-Aral area these are chloride-sulfate soils with a chlorine ion content of no more than and the sum of salts no more than . On more saline soils cane thickets grow poorly and on highly saline soils sum of salts over 6 and chlorine ion content over they stop growing. Cane thickets may be restored by seed reproduction. In .
