F Farming (Historical) in the circum-Aral area – the initial demarcation of states in the region coincided, in many cases, with irrigation zones and irrigation systems, which appeared in the Aral basin in the first quarter of 1000 . This period was preceded by the large-scale unification | F Farming Historical in the circum-Aral area - the initial demarcation of states in the region coincided in many cases with irrigation zones and irrigation systems which appeared in the Aral basin in the first quarter of 1000 . This period was preceded by the large-scale unification of local tribes in 7th-6th centuries . The most developed state in the Circum-Aral area in the 6th-4th centuries . was ancient Khorezm. There on the territory of the Sarykamysh delta of the Amudarya large irrigation systems were constructed the length of main canals in them reaching 100-150 km with a width of 10 to 30 m and a depth of 2 to 3 m. Plough farming was also intensively developed applying iron agricultural implements hoes shovels which enormously improved labor efficiency and enabled the population to transform desert lands into cultural oases. The irrigation systems in ancient Khorezm were rather ramified and in general their structure was as follows river - head water intake - main canal arna - primary and secondary distributory canals - irrigation ditches - field. In the Khorezm antiquity the following periods are distinguished the archaic 6th-5th centuries . the Kangyuisky and the Kushansky 4th century century . the latter being the period when ancient irrigation systems flourished shaping the Great Silk Road. During this time the irrigated areas in the Khorezm oasis expanded enormously the irrigation water intake and head structures were improved significantly water application practices were perfected and general irrigation schemes became more intricate however investigations have shown that only gravity irrigation was applied in those times so farmers were fully dependent on the hydrographic changes of delta arms. Despite the enormous total area of irrigated lands covering mln ha of the Aral basin flatlands out of which up to mln ha were serviced by large irrigation systems the land use factor did not exceed 10-12 . The lands that became
