The Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary - Part 6 fills a gap in the literature by providing instructors, hobbyists, and top-level engineers with an accessible, current reference. From the author of the best-selling Telecommunications Illustrated Dictionary, this comprehensive reference includes fundamental physics, basic technical information for fiber splicing, installation, maintenance, and repair, and follow-up information for communications and other professionals using fiber optic components. Well-balanced, well-researched, and extensively cross-referenced, it also includes hundreds of photographs, charts, and diagrams that clarify the more complex ideas and put simpler ideas into their applications context | Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary network transmissions protocols with addresses assigned in the . domain. The sharing of packet radio communications among amateur radio buffs began with packet bulletin board systems PBBSs similar to the BBSs popular with computer hobbyists in the early and mid-1980s. The main differences between the two were that computer BBSs were primarily interconnected by land-based telephone lines and modems whereas packet radio BBSs were interconnected by wireless radio frequency communications through terminal node controllers TNCs with a broadcast distance of about 20 miles or so. Relays were still necessary for long-distance packet communications. When the Internet and TCP IP became well established many computer buffs shut down their BBSs and migrated to the Internet. Packet radio followed suit forming the AmprNet to utilize low-cost global airwaves and simultaneous two-way communications. Amateur Radio Emergency Service ARES. A public service organization of licensed Amateur Radio Operators of the American Radio Relay League ARRL who voluntarily provide emergency communications for public service events. ARES cooperates with state and local governments and the American Red Cross http Amateur Radio International Space Station ARISS. An organization established to research and support the use of amateur radio in space ARISS evolved out of the Space Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment SAREX . It serves as an educational outreach tool and experimental communications testbed. It also provides backup for emergency sjaace communications and a medium for off-duty communication with friends and family members. A Memorandum of Understanding was signed between ARISS and various national radio organizations in 1996 along with agreements with NASA and the Russian Energia. NASA liaises with the public through its Division of Education programs and Web site. Leadership and consultation are provided by the ARRL and AMSAT. ARISS .
