The Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary - Part 8 fills a gap in the literature by providing instructors, hobbyists, and top-level engineers with an accessible, current reference. From the author of the best-selling Telecommunications Illustrated Dictionary, this comprehensive reference includes fundamental physics, basic technical information for fiber splicing, installation, maintenance, and repair, and follow-up information for communications and other professionals using fiber optic components. Well-balanced, well-researched, and extensively cross-referenced, it also includes hundreds of photographs, charts, and diagrams that clarify the more complex ideas and put simpler ideas into their applications context | Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary interface builder about two years later which took aesthetics utility and logical linking to object-oriented structures several steps beyond Power Windows and facilitated graphical creation of windows menus tables buttons and much more providing a fast and easy way to create an interface and connecting structures that were consistent with the NeXT application framework. An hour with the interface builder could easily equal two days of coding by hand with a text editor. In the 1990s other desktop systems began to come out with interface builders an idea that has great practical value especially as object-oriented environments became more prevalent. Some authoring systems also function as application generators as do some programmable databases. If the software front-end that allows authoring and database configuration without programming also provides an option to save code that can be accessed and manipulated usually with a text editor and to link to operating system or program structures then it is a form of application generator. See application framework. application layer In layered hierarchy network systems the layer that provides services to the applications programs as in the Open Systems Interconnection OSFjmodel or the layer that runs the applications themselves depending upon the network layer design. In OSI the application layer ensures availability of parties may provide authentication checks the available resources negotiates data privacy and error-checking parameters and application-level protocols. See Open Systems Interconnection for a chart that describes layer relationships. application program Avery broad generic term for almost any user-level computer program. That s not to say that system administrators don t use applications they do. They just happen to be more technical applications aimed at a technical user level. Short specific applications that do a single task or a small number of tasks are sometimes .
