Bách khoa toàn thư - Dinh dưỡng và sức khỏe tốt - Phần Index | GLOSSARY amino acids Nitrogen-containing compounds that are the building blocks of protein. There are 22 different amino acids from which all the proteins in the human body are made. Nine essential amino acids are not manufactured by the body and must come from food. anorexia Loss or lack of appetite. calcium A mineral that makes bones and teeth strong helps muscles work and aids in proper blood clotting. calorie A unit of food energy the energy the body needs to maintain itself . Carbohydrates fat and protein provide the energy from food. carbohydrate Sugars and starches that are the most efficient source of food energy. The most basic carbohydrate is a simple sugar such as glucose or fructose which serves as a building block for complex carbohydrates starchy foods like pastas whole grains and potatoes . cholesterol Waxy substance made by the body and obtained from food. Blood cholesterol circulates in the bloodstream and is a combination of cholesterol obtained from food and that which the body makes. HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol are forms of lipoproteins which help transport cholesterol throughout the body. HDL high-density lipoprotein is the good cholesterol and LDL low-density lipoprotein is the bad cholesterol. HDL participates in removing excess blood cholesterol from the body LDL is the form that can build up in artery walls and thus is a serious risk factor for heart disease. chronic Lasting months or years. In medicine a condition or illness of long duration in contrast with acute conditions. The degenerative diseases of aging are typical chronic diseases. Thus arthritis osteoporosis periodontal disease cardiovascular disease are slow to develop and they may go on for years before becoming debilitating. electrolytes Minerals such as sodium or potassium that regulate body functions. emaciation An extensive loss of body fat and muscle mass. enzymes Proteins necessary to trigger biochemical reactions. fat Caloric energy found in food that is essential
