english sound structure part 20. Bài tập luyện ngữ pháp tiếng anh cho mọi người, đây là tài liệu hay và hữu ích có thể giúp các bạn có thể nắm vững được các ngữ pháp tiếng anh cụ thể. | 254 Floating Sounds 36 N I x I @ r The occurrence of intrusive rin forms such as NASA r is in dialects of this type implies that the stricture against true final schwa has continued to shape the integration of incoming borrowings or neologisms. The constraint might reasonably be expected to have extended to all cases of final schwa including those occurring in a stressed nucleus. This would not only have affected the vowel in FIR but also the schwa portion of in-gliding diphthongs such as io FEAR and oo FOUR . Originally these vowels were the exclusive reflexes of historical Vr sequences. But later mergers with vowels from other sources such as PAW PORE would have resulted in the extension of floating rto etymologically r-less forms. The historical evidence suggests that intrusive r has been around for a long time and that its emergence was originally motivated by a disfavouring of final schwa. To the extent that this conclusion is at variance with the rule-inversion account of the phenomenon it also serves to undermine further the rewrite-rule approach to r-sandhi. It also puts paid to the notion that intrusive-r dialects are the direct descendants of a non-rhotic B-type system which lacks the phenomenon. The germ of this idea seems to be buried in a prescriptive myth according to which non-standard dialects are deviant outgrowths from a central standard stem whose phonology somehow faithfully mirrors the orthography. Vowels before r Rhotic systems As we have seen what sets rhotic dialects apart from non-rhotic is the surface occurrence of constricted r in other than onset position. Exactly what these other positions are is something we now have to determine. Valuable clues bearing on the issue are provided by the pre-r vocalic developments touched on in . Considering morpheme-internal environments first we might take the view that constricted r in rhotic variants of forms such as party occupies a coda position in exactly the same way as say the p .
