Gimson's pronunciation of english part 16. Bài tập luyện ngữ pháp tiếng anh cho mọi người, đây là tài liệu hay và hữu ích có thể giúp các bạn có thể nắm vững được các ngữ pháp tiếng anh cụ thể. | ISS Tbc Sc undi c f English 5 Advice to foreign Icanwrs Some languages do not have . French and Portuguese and will replace them with 3 or. In the case of Greek which has no 3 cither with the affricates . Good starting-points for learners from such languages arc the clusters Ztj d moving the tongue forward while producing these sequences will often produce the required effect. Learners from some other languages especially Scandinavians are apt to articulate Zf d with too much lip-spreading and overpalatalization producing sounds resembling t djj these too should move the tongue forward. Some languages have only Zi 7 . Arabic German Russian and Spanish and replace the one with the other weakening ZtJZ will generally produce ZdjZ in such cases. Particular attention should also be paid to the shortening of sounds preceding syllable final tf the examples in 1 of this section providing practice or this feature in sequences of two affricates like which chair Dutch cheese large ar it Is acceptable to omit the plosive element of the first affricate . wif tfca Zdxf tfuz lag d a however it is not acceptable to omit the fricative element. Although only are here considered as unit phonemes special attention should nevertheless be given to the sequences tr dr sec Fig. 37 because of the nature of the often retracted t d used before ZrZ the friction associated with the r in these sequences and the devoicing of Zr following t . Foreign learners should take care not to confuse Z 7 and ZtrZ and Zd and ZdrZ as in the minimal pairs in I above. Fricatives In the articulation of a fricative consonant two organs arc brought and held sufficiently close together for the escaping airstream to produce local air turbulence fricatives arc therefore like plosives and affricates characterized by a noise component. This turbulence may or may not be accompanied by voice. There Is an on- or off-glide in respect of an adjacent sound manifested acoustically by formant .
