The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics Part 45. In the past decade, Cognitive Linguistics has developed into one of the most dynamic and attractive frameworks within theoretical and descriptive linguistics The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics is a major new reference that presents a comprehensive overview of the main theoretical concepts and descriptive/theoretical models of Cognitive Linguistics, and covers its various subfields, theoretical as well as applied. | 410 WILLy VAN lANGENDONGK to the noun than the true adjectives. For instance in Rendille we find the order given in 22 22 sticks-my four long white where the opposite relative adjacency is found. To explain the difference between the two orderings we must start from the twofold nature of common nouns. This notion derives from the logical analysis of nouns by Bach 1968 who argued that a noun is a variable combined with a predicate for example a doll means an x that is a doll . In Langacker s 1991 54 terms a nominal displays grounding and type specification among other things . Most languages such as English apparently attract first the modifiers that fit in best with the type specification that is the predicational content of the noun whereas other languages such as Rendille highlight the grounding aspect by attracting first the deictic modifiers. At the same time what the two language types have in common is the relative order of the nominal modifiers with respect to each other. Adjacency of Similar Elements A third principle involves the adjacency of similar elements whereby similar elements are placed together. Thus in languages with the basic orders SOV and VSO the nominal elements subject and object are placed together. As such for instance in the Dutch subordinate clause in 23 the nouns proper names are positioned next to each other. 23 dat John Sheila haat that John Sheila hates that John hates Sheila In Dutch there is also a tendency for verbal elements to cluster in the so-called verbal end-group even if this disrupts the adj acency of head and dependent as in 24 24 dat John Sheila uit Londen terug zal brengen that John Sheila from London back will bring that John will bring back Sheila from London Although terugbrengen bring back is one verb the nonverbal prefix terug can be separated from its verbal head brengen as in 24 so that the verbal elements zal and brengen cluster together. However the order zal terugbrengen is also possible. Again we see two .
