The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics Part 80. In the past decade, Cognitive Linguistics has developed into one of the most dynamic and attractive frameworks within theoretical and descriptive linguistics The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics is a major new reference that presents a comprehensive overview of the main theoretical concepts and descriptive/theoretical models of Cognitive Linguistics, and covers its various subfields, theoretical as well as applied. | 760 JOSE M. GARCIA-MIGUEL Figure . Partial networks for ditransitive construction and send Langacker 2000 123 In sum the differences between the meaning of verbs and the meaning of constructional schemas arise only at the more abstract or schematic levels. At more concrete levels we find more specific constructional schemas such as send NP NP which instantiate simultaneously the ditransitive construction and the verb send and those two aspects are indistinguishable see also Croft 2003 Langacker 2005 147-55 . At any rate it seems clear that verb and construction interact semantically selecting and elaborating each other s meaning and that new uses are based both on an abstract schema that provides a template and on concrete uses that serve as a model. 3. The Meaning of the Clause . Event Types and Semantic Roles A basic insight of Cognitive Linguistics is that meanings are described relative to frames or cognitive models Cienki this volume chapter 7 that is specific unified frameworks of knowledge or coherent schematizations of experience Fillmore 1985 223 . As such the meaning of verbs and clauses includes reference to a rich background of world and cultural knowledge. A typical example of frame provided by Fillmore is that of a commercial transaction event involving such concepts as possession change of possession exchange and money and including as basic frame elements the money the goods the buyer and the seller. CLAUSE STRUCTURE AND TRANSITIVITy 761 Fillmore s conception of a frame as applied to an event is close to Talmy s notion of event frame which is defined as follows A set of conceptual elements and interrelationships that are evoked together or co-evoke each other can be said to lie within or constitute an event frame while the elements that are conceived of as incidental whether evoked weakly or not at all lie outside the event frame Talmy 1996 238 . Talmy 1996 238 points to some differences between his concept of event frame and that of Fillmore
