The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics Part 92. In the past decade, Cognitive Linguistics has developed into one of the most dynamic and attractive frameworks within theoretical and descriptive linguistics The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics is a major new reference that presents a comprehensive overview of the main theoretical concepts and descriptive/theoretical models of Cognitive Linguistics, and covers its various subfields, theoretical as well as applied. | 880 TANJA MGRTELMANS Potential _ Reality Reality . i Figure . Langacker s dynamic evolutionary model . Subjectification Langacker versus Traugott Langacker 1990 1991a 1999 2003 views the English modals as grounding predications irrespective of whether they have a root or an epistemic meaning. As such the distinction between these types of modality can be said to be independent of the status of the English modals as grounding predications. Goossens 1996 however criticizes Langacker s uniform characterization of the English modals as grounding predications he shows among other things that in the case of root modality the potency relation is not always as subjectively construed as Langacker would have Goossens therefore accepts the inherent grounding status of the epistemic modals whose semantics by necessity involves the speaker conceptu-alizer as an implicit reference point but he considers root modals to be grounding only in the case of deontic modalities where the authority for the permission or obligation is clearly in the ground as a rule when the speaker has or assumes authority Goossens 1996 28 . This distinction between the speaker implicitly assuming authority or not can be linked to Achard s notion of a stronger speaker role which Achard also links to a subjective realignment of the modal force Achard 1998 154 and hence to subjectification. This use of the notion subjectification however seems to be more in line with Traugott s use of the term than with Langacker s for further discussion of the notion subjectification see also Verhagen this volume chapter 3 and Athanasiadou Canakis and Cornillie 2006 . 3. Mood in Cognitive LiNGuistics As was already mentioned cognitive accounts of modality have to a large extent concentrated on the modal verbs whereby the typically highly grammaticalized category of mood has largely been Still a number of cognitive solutions for the interpretation of mood phenomena in languages such as French .
