Tham khảo tài liệu 'handbook phần cứng pu part 82', công nghệ thông tin, phần cứng phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Distributed computing is a programming paradigm focusing on designing distributed open scalable transparent fault tolerant systems. This paradigm is a natural result of the use of computers to form networks. Distributed computing is decentralised and parallel computing using two or more computers communicating over a network to accomplish a common objective or task. The types of hardware programming languages operating systems and other resources may vary drastically. It is similar to computer clustering with the main difference being a wide geographic dispersion of the resources. Contents hide 1 Organization 2 Goals and advantages o Openness o Scalability 3 Drawbacks and disadvantages 4 Architecture 5 Concurrency o Multiprocessor systems o Multicomputer systems o Computing taxonomies o Computer clusters o Grid computing 6 Languages 7 Examples o Projects o Other examples 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links edit Organization Organizing the interaction between each computer is of prime importance. In order to be able to use the widest possible range and types of computers the protocol or communication channel should not contain or use any information that may not be understood by certain machines. Special care must also be taken that messages are indeed delivered correctly and that invalid messages are rejected which would otherwise bring down the system and perhaps the rest of the network. Another important factor is the ability to send software to another computer in a portable way so that it may execute and interact with the existing network. This may not always be possible or practical when using differing hardware and resources in which case other methods must be used such as cross-compiling or manually porting this software. edit Goals and advantages There are many different types of distributed computing systems and many challenges to overcome in successfully designing one. The main goal of a .
