Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 44

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 44 provides a wide variety of perspectives on both traditional and more recent views of Earth's resources. It serves as a bridge connecting the domains of resource exploitation, environmentalism, geology, and biology, and it explains their interrelationships in terms that students and other nonspecialists can understand. The articles in this set are extremely diverse, with articles covering soil, fisheries, forests, aluminum, the Industrial Revolution, the . Department of the Interior, the hydrologic cycle, glass, and placer mineral deposits. . | 378 Environmental degradation resource exploitation and Global Resources Forests and Forestry A third area of resource exploitation that is useful to review in the context of environmental degradation is forests. At the time that European settlers began to exploit the resources of the United States forests covered about two-thirds of the land. To the settlers these forests were both a resource and an impediment. As a resource the forests met their needs for structural material fuel fencing implements and windbreaks. As an impediment the forests had to be cleared to make way for agriculture farmsteads roads and towns. To many of the early settlers these forests seemed endless so cutting burning and removal went on without concern for the decline in forest cover. Notuntil the late 1800 s did people begin to perceive problems arising from the overuse and abuse of . forests. These concerns reached such a level of importance that in 1897 an act was passed by Congress to allow the establishment of national forests. Along with land earlier set aside lands declared national forests established a basis for preserving and conserving the national forest resources. Management of these resources developed along lines that began to recognize two crucial qualities of forestlands Forestlands could provide a sustained yield and they could serve a multiple-use purpose. In the first case if the rate of losses caused by cutting fire and insect damage could be offset by planting and land-use management then the forest s yield could be managed on a sustainable basis. Second forestlands offer splendid potential to be used in a multiple-use context. Forests offer protection to the soil to slow or prevent erosion slow runoff and retain moisture for release during periods of reduced precipitation. Forests therefore provide very good watershed protection. Forests also ser ve as an important part of wildlife habitat. They provide cover food nesting sites and space all essential to wildlife

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