Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking- P43: The transmitter encodes the information into a suitable form to be transmitted over the communications channel. The communications channel moves this signal as electromagnetic energy from the source to one or more destination receivers. The channel may convert this energy from one form to another, such as electrical to optical signals, whilst maintaining the integrity of the information so the recipient can understand the message sent by the transmitter | 192 Practical TCP IP and Ethernet Networking system was renamed the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA and it used the Xerox Networking System XNS protocol. However this particular protocol was found to be inadequate and as a result the TCP IP protocol suite was developed. In 1967 the Stanford Research Institute was contracted to develop this new suite of protocols with the resulting timetable of development occurring 1970 Commencement of the development. 1972 Approx. 40 sites connected and TCP IP support commenced. 1973 The first international connection made. 1974 TCP IP released to the public. Initially TCP IP was used to interconnect government military and educational sites together slowly connecting to commercial companies as time progressed. In actual fact TCP IP was developed by the US Government to build a heterogeneous supporting multiple platforms network across a wide area the United States. The Internet organizational structure Internet Configuration and Control Board ICCB Internet Activities Board IAB Originally in 1980 the group formed to develop standards for the Internet was referred to as the Internet Configuration and Control Board ICCB however in 1983 the name was changed to the Internet Activities Board IAB . The task of these early groups was to design engineer and manage the Internet. Each member of the IAB chaired an Internet Task Force whose purpose was to investigate relevant issues and concerns of the Internet. There were approximately ten task forces and they looked at various topics relating to the Internet. The IAB met a few times each year to hear from the task forces check technical directions and focus discuss policy and exchange information with various other agencies and groups such as ARPA and the National Science Foundation NSF . Most of these early pioneers of the Internet and the engineers and volunteers who made up the task force groups were largely motivated by the desire to make the .
