Lecture Notes in Computer Science- P36:This year, we received about 170 submissions to ICWL 2008. There were a total of 52 full papers, representing an acceptance rate of about 30%, plus one invited paper accepted for inclusion in this LNCS proceedings. The authors of these accepted papers | 164 . Ying and . Yang Original Items The question steam structure refers to the same structure as the material knowledge base. For true-false questions the answers are all true which can be used to assess the ability of the remember process. The original items can generate items of other question types . fill-in-the-blank items which can be used to recall ability. Opposite Items If certain words in the question steam have the antonym sets in the Semantic Relation Database the computer replaces them to produce the opposite items which can assess the ability of confirmation in remember process level. Grammar Inverting Items The material knowledge includes positive and negative concept sentences. If the computer exchanges and inverts the knowledge grammar structure of sentences the sentences become the grammar inverting items. The grammar inverting items can be used to assess the ability of understand process. Combined Same Subclass Knowledge of Single Concept Items These items were generated by the computer and combined with a lot of the same subclass or sub-subclass knowledge content from the single topic concept of materials. These items could be used to assess the confirmation ability in understand and analysis process levels. For example since the concept Expert System has the following some characteristics Inference ability Explanation ability etc. in the sub-subclass knowledge General Characteristics an item about Expert System concept can combine numerous General Characteristics knowledge. Combined Same Subclass Knowledge of Multiple Concept Items These items were generated by the computer and used to combine a lot of the same subclass knowledge content from the multiple meaning-related topic knowledge contents of materials. For example the concepts Decision Support System and Expert System could be compared with the General Characteristics . Combined Different Subclass Knowledge of Single Concept Items These items were generated by the computer and
