Design Creativity 2010 part 13. What is ‘design creativity’? It is impossible to answer this question without considering why human beings can – and do – ‘design’. Design creativity is instrumental in not only addressing social problems faced across the world, but also evoking an innate appreciation for beauty and a sense of personal contentment. | Conceptual Design and Cognitive Elements of Creativity Toward Personalized Learning Supports for Design Creativity 109 a. Conceptual design task b. A sample of pre-test c. A sample of post-test Fig. 3. Cenceptual design task and two samples of pre-test and post-test acquired from a student. Conceptual design task is used for pre-test and post-test. Note that both samples of pre-test and post-test were evaluated by human experts 5 Results and Discussion Forty four senior or first-year graduate students from the Interdisciplinary Design course at the Sungkyunkwan University participated in the experiment. Figure 3 shows examples of pre-test b and post-test c performed by a student. This example shows one sample case of the enhanced design creativity The average score over the 5 cognitive elements of the post-test was increased by from that of the pre-test. The assigned score range is between 1 and 5 inclusive . Four domain experts evaluated the conceptual design results. The Cohen s Kappa value was computed from the assigned scores for inter-rater reliability. The overall Kappa value was over the five cognitive elements and the significance of the acquired Kappa value is moderate agreement. The individual Kappa values were and respectively for flexibility fluency originality elaboration and problem sensitivity respectively. Fluency is considered as strongly reliable compared to other cognitive elements. Table 3. Paired t-test result with p-values between pre-test and post-test data t p-value Fluency Flexibility Originality Elaboration Problem Sensitivity Enhanced Design Creativity As a result 31 students out of 44 students showed the enhanced design creativity with regard to the 5 cognitive elements 70 increases possibly indicating the effectiveness of the creativity exercise 110 . Kim . Shin and . Shin program. The overall difference between pre-test and
