Improved Outcomes in Colon and Rectal Surgery part 26. Written by many of the worlds leading colorectal surgeons, this evidence-based text investigates the risks and benefits of colorectal surgeries. By using clinical pathways, algorithms, and case discussions, the authors identify the best practices for patient safety and positive outcomes to ensure that physicians correctly recognize potential problems and carefully manage complications | improved outcomes in colon and rectal surgery 113. Pinta T Kylanpaa-Back ML Salmi T Jarvinen HJ Luukkonen P. Delayed sphincter repair for obstetric ruptures analysis of failure. Colorectal Dis 2003 5 73-8. 114. Evans C Davis K Kumar D. Overlapping anal sphincter repair and anterior levatorplasty effect of patient s age and duration of follow-up. Int J Colorectal Dis 2006 21 795-801. 115. Londono-Schimmer EE Garcia-Duperly R Nicholls RJ et al. Overlapping anal sphincter repair for faecal incontinence due to sphincter trauma five year follow-up functional results. Int J Colorectal Dis 1994 9 110-3. 116. Halverson AL Hull TL. Long-term outcome of overlapping anal sphincter repair. Dis Colon Rectum 2002 45 345-8. 117. Zorcolo L Covotta L Bartolo DC. Outcome of anterior sphincter repair for obstetric injury comparison of early and late results. Dis Colon Rectum 2005 48 524-31. 118. Grey BR Sheldon RR Telford KJ Kiff ES. Anterior anal sphincter repair can be of long term benefit a 12-year case cohort from a single surgeon. BMC Surg 2007 7 1. 119. Jarrett ME Varma JS Duthie GS Nicholls RJ Kamm MA. Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence in the UK. Br J Surg 2004 91 755-61. 120. Leroi AM Parc Y Lehur PA et al. Efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence results of a multicenter double-blind crossover study. Ann Surg 2005 242 662-9. 121. Holzer B Rosen HR Novi G et al. Sacral Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Severe Constipation. Dis Colon Rectum 2008 51 5 524-29. 238 23 Surgery for rectal prolapse Steven R Hunt INTRODUCTION Rectal prolapse rectal procidentia is defined as the full thickness intussusception of the rectum through the anal canal. The annual incidence of rectal prolapse is estimated to be per 100 000 pop-ulation. l The disorder tends to affect elderly women psychiatric patients and patients with neurologic disorders. Presenting symptoms are usually referable to the prolapse itself. Additional presenting complaints include .
