High-power lead–acid batteries have been used for a rather long time in various applications, especially for uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) and starting of automobiles. Future automotive service requires, in addition to cold-cranking performance, the combination of highpower capability, a very good charge-acceptance, and an excellent cycle-life. Such applications include stop–start, regenerative braking, and soft, mild and full hybrid vehicles. For UPS, there has been a clear tendency to shorter discharge times and higher discharge rates. . | Available online at ELSEVIER Journal of Power Sources 144 2005 494-504 High-power lead-acid batteries for different applications Rainer Wagner EXIDE Technologies Deutsche EXIDE GmbH Odertal 35 D-37431 Bad Lauterberg Germany Received 1 October 2004 accepted 4 November 2004 Available online 11 January 2005 Abstract High-power lead-acid batteries have been used for a rather long time in various applications especially for uninterruptible power supplies UPSs and starting of automobiles. Future automotive service requires in addition to cold-cranking performance the combination of highpower capability a very good charge-acceptance and an excellent cycle-life. Such applications include stop-start regenerative braking and soft mild and full hybrid vehicles. For UPS there has been a clear tendency to shorter discharge times and higher discharge rates. During the past decades the specific power of lead-acid batteries has been raised steadily and there is still room for further improvement. This paper gives an overview of the progress made in the development of high-power lead-acid batteries and focuses on stationary and automotive applications. 2004 Elsevier . All rights reserved. Keywords Stationary batteries Automotive batteries High power Copper-stretch metal Absorptive glass mat Spiral wound 1. Introduction There are various applications where batteries with high discharge rate performance are required. This includes uninterruptible power supplies UPSs and automotive service. Despite of the rather high weight the lead-acid battery has a relatively high specific power. Taking into account other important parameters cost life reliability possibility of recycling availability of raw materials the lead-acid battery is very often a suitable choice and it can be expected that this electrochemical storage system will remain an important power supply for a long time. This is especially true for stationary applications . UPS where the high weight of .
