Continuing work by Atraverda on the production of a composite-laminate form of the Ebonex® material, that can be cheaply formulated and manufactured to form substrate plates for bipolar lead–acid batteries, is described. Ebonex® is the registered trade name of a range of titanium suboxide ceramic materials, typically Ti4 O7 and Ti5 O9 , which combine electrical conductivity with high corrosion and oxidation resistance. Details of the structure of the composite, battery construction techniques and methods for filling and forming of batteries are discussed. In addition, lifetime and performance data obtained by Atraverda from laboratory bipolar lead–acid batteries and cells. | Available online at ELSEVIER Journal of Power Sources 144 2005 329-337 Bipolar batteries based on Ebonex technology . Loyns A. Hill . Ellis . Partington . Hill Atraverda Limited The I-Centre Oakham Business Park Mansfield NG185BR UK Available online 12 January 2005 Abstract Continuing work by Atraverda on the production of a composite-laminate form of the Ebonex material that can be cheaply formulated and manufactured to form substrate plates for bipolar lead-acid batteries is described. Ebonex is the registered trade name of a range of titanium suboxide ceramic materials typically Ti4O7 and Ti5O9 which combine electrical conductivity with high corrosion and oxidation resistance. Details of the structure of the composite battery construction techniques and methods for filling and forming of batteries are discussed. In addition lifetime and performance data obtained by Atraverda from laboratory bipolar lead-acid batteries and cells are presented. Battery production techniques for both conventional monopolar and bipolar batteries are reviewed. The findings indicate that substantial time and cost savings may be realised in the manufacture of bipolar batteries in comparison to conventional designs. This is due to the fewer processing steps required and more efficient formation. The results indicate that the use of Ebonex composite material as a bipolar substrate will provide lightweight and durable high-voltage lead-acid batteries suitable for a wide range of applications including advanced automotive stationary power and portable equipment. 2004 Elsevier . All rights reserved. Keywords Lead-acid batteries Bipolar Ebonex ceramic 1. Introduction Initial performance data involving bipolar batteries containing Ebonex ceramic based bipolar plates has been recently presented 1 . The advantages of bipolar operation for batteries in general and lead-acid batteries in particular have been well documented and are generally widely understood
