Electric Vehicle: Batteries

History At the beginning of the automotive century, around 1900– 1910, battery electric vehicles (BEVs), cars with steam engines, and cars with gasoline engines coexisted. They were competing with respect to power, comfort, and maintenance. As described by R. H. Schallenberg, it took the electric starter and the starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) system (created by Charles Kettering on the demand from Henry Leyland for the 1911 Cadillac Model Thirty) to improve the comfort in use of the gasoline engine vehicle sufficiently to outperform others. . | Electric Vehicle Batteries G Gutmann Esslingen am Neckar Germany 2009 Elsevier . All rights reserved. Introduction History At the beginning of the automotive century around 19001910 battery electric vehicles BEVs cars with steam engines and cars with gasoline engines coexisted. They were competing with respect to power comfort and maintenance. As described by R. H. Schallenberg it took the electric starter and the starting lighting and ignition SLI system created by Charles Kettering on the demand from Henry Leyland for the 1911 Cadillac Model Thirty to improve the comfort in use of the gasoline engine vehicle sufficiently to outperform others. In addition Ford s Model T in mass production since 1908 provided the way for the cheaper internal combustion engine ICE car and the faster growth of infrastructure . mainly gasoline pumps made it more convenient in use. Shifting gears remained an incommodity for some years which helped the high-torque engines of steamers and preferably the BEVs to survive for a while with the smooth and easy-to-handle BEVs estimated as ladies cars looked into by V. Scharff. As an example the Detroit Electric car Figure 1 was manufactured by different companies from 1907 to 1938 covering a 31-year span. However production fell off after 1914 and during the 1930s the car was on an as-ordered basis only. Still the expression electric vehicle EV since then was mainly associated with the BEV. From about 1960 on together with the fuel cell R D initiated for space power the fuel cell electric vehicle FC-EV achieved more importance and occupied its place in thinking about EV. Last but not least the hybrid electric vehicle HEV became a contender with respect to electric driving. Definition As defined by CITELEC the Association of European Cities interested in Electric Vehicles an EV is a vehicle where the driving torque to the wheels is delivered exclusively by one or more electric motors. EDTA the Electric Drive Transportation Association as

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