Hybrid Electric Vehicle: Plug-In Hybrids

There are different degrees of hybridization from microhybrids to extended-range electric vehicles (E-REVs). The complete range between nonhybridized vehicles and pure battery electric vehicles (EVs) is covered. Depending on the degree of hybridization, there are different functionalities available. Table 1 shows the functionality for full hybrid electric vehicles (full HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric-vehicles (PHEV Full HEV, full heavy electric vehicles; PHEVs) with 10 or 40 miles electric-only range, and E-REVs. . | Hybrid Electric Vehicle Plug-In Hybrids H Mettlach Adam Open GmbH Ruesselsheim Germany 2009 Elsevier . All rights reserved. Degrees of Hybridization There are different degrees of hybridization from microhybrids to extended-range electric vehicles E-REVs . The complete range between nonhybridized vehicles and pure battery electric vehicles EVs is covered. Depending on the degree of hybridization there are different functionalities available. Table 1 shows the functionality for full hybrid electric vehicles full HEVs plug-in hybrid electric-vehicles PHEV Full HEV full heavy electric vehicles PHEVs with 10 or 40 miles electric-only range and E-REVs. Motivation for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Extended-Range Electric Vehicles Already today there exists a large variety of HEVs from micro and mild hybrids to full hybrids. However all these vehicles do have an internal combustion engine ICE as main propulsion source and fossil fuel . gasoline diesel CNG remains the principal source of energy. Recently interest increased in vehicles that can even further reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. Therefore PHEVs and E-REVs have come into focus. PHEVs and E-REVs differ from the hybrid vehicles discussed before since a portion of the fossil fuel will be replaced by electricity. Thus it is possible to become more independent from fossil fuels especially if the electricity is produced from renewables like wind or solar energy. In addition to the charge-sustaining mode - which is similar to the operation mode of full HEVs - there is a second mode which is called charge depletion mode. In the charge-sustaining mode the batteries of both PHEVs and E-REVs will be discharged by the electric motor during start and boost operation. During regenerative braking and also when charging from the generator the battery will be charged. By these means the battery is kept around a certain state-of-charge SoC . The SoC swing can vary between 5 and 15 depending on the type of .

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