The balance of charges on conductors: In conductors there are charged particles which can be freely move under any small force. Therefore the balance of charges on conductors can be observed under these circumstances: The electric field equals zero everywhere inside the conductor E = 0 The electric potential is constant inside the conductor V = const The electric field vector on the surface of conductors direct along the normal of the surface at each point E = En The surface of conductors is equipotential Inside conductors there is no charge. This conclusion can be proved by applying the Gauss’s law for any arbitrary closed surface inside conductor. All the charge. | GENERAL PHYSICS II Electromagnetism Thermal Physics 2 20 2008 1 Chapter IX Conductors Capacitors 1. Charges and electric field on conductors 2. Capacitance of conductors and capacitors 3. Energy storage in capacitors and electric field energy 4. Electric current resistance and electromotive force 2 20 2008 2 1. Charges and electric field on conductors The balance of charges on conductors In conductors there are charged particles which can be freely move under any small force. Therefore the balance of charges on conductors can be observed under these circumstances The electric field equals zero everywhere inside the conductor E 0 The electric potential is constant inside the conductor V const The electric field vector on the surface of conductors direct along the normal of the surface at each point E En The surface of conductors is equipotential Inside conductors there is no charge. This conclusion can be proved by applying the Gauss s law for any arbitrary closed surface inside conductor. All the charge is distributed on the surface of conductors. 2 20 2008
